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Obects & Observing Tips: Open Clusters |
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You are here: Haggart Observatory >> Favorite Objects >> Open clusters |
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These are groups of dozens to hundreds of stars, which formed together and
are continuing to travel the galaxy together. They are usually relatively young
(from a few million to a few hundred million years) and still have lots of bright
stars. Most of the clusters we see are in our galactic neighborhood, in the
spiral arms.
Observing Open Clusters:
Best Bets:
There are many open clusters available to show, including 27 of the
Messier objects. However, only a few of them are beautiful and impressive to
most of our visitors. The fainter open clusters are an acquired taste; for the
beginning stargazer, there's not much difference between an open cluster and
any other bunch of stars in a field of view. Here are some especially pleasing
open clusters.
(Links are to the SEDS website description.)
| Cluster | Constellation | Availability by month | Mag. | Dist. (ly) |
Diam (ly) |
# Stars |
Age (mil y) |
|||||||||||
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |||||||
| M11: Wild Duck | Scutum | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | - | - |
6.3
|
6000
|
22
|
600
|
220
|
| M44: Beehive | Cancer | X | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | X |
3.7
|
600
|
14
|
200
|
730
|
| M45: Pleiades ("7 Sisters") | Taurus | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X |
1.6
|
380
|
14
|
100
|
100
|
| NGC 869: Double | Perseus | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X |
4.3
|
7000
|
200
|
6
|
|
| NGC 457 ("Owl" or "E.T.") (Finder chart) |
Cassiopeia | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | X |
6.4
|
8000
|
80
|
30
|
|
| Coathanger (Cr
399) (6 deg s of Albireo) |
Vulpecula | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | X | - | - |
3.6
|
420
|
40
|
200
|
|
More open clusters to try out. M6 & M7 are recommended
| Cluster | Constellation | Availability by month | Mag. | Dist. (ly) |
Diam (ly) |
# Stars |
Age (mil y) |
|||||||||||
| J | F | M | A | M | J | J | A | S | O | N | D | |||||||
| M6: Butterflly |
Scorpius
|
- | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - | - |
4.2
|
1,600
|
25
|
80
|
51
|
| M7 |
Scorpius
|
- | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - | - |
3.3
|
800
|
12
|
80
|
220
|
| M16: "Eagle
Nebula" |
Serpens (cauda) | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | - | - |
6.4
|
7,000
|
15
|
100
|
6
|
| M21 |
Sagittarius
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - |
6.5
|
4,250
|
8
|
60
|
5
|
| M23 |
Sagittarius
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - |
6.9
|
2,150
|
15
|
150
|
220
|
| M25 |
Sagittarius
|
- | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | - | - | - |
4.6
|
2,000
|
23
|
50
|
90
|
| M26 | Scutum | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | - | - |
8
|
5,000
|
22
|
100
|
89
|
| M29 | Cygnus | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
7.1
|
4,000
|
11
|
?
|
10
|
| M34 (x-shape) | Perseus | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X |
5.5
|
1,400
|
14
|
100
|
180
|
| M35 |
Gemini
|
X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | X | X |
5.3
|
2,800
|
24
|
150
|
100
|
| M36 | Auriga | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X |
6.3
|
4,100
|
14
|
60
|
25
|
| M37 | Auriga | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X |
6.2
|
4,400
|
25
|
500
|
300
|
| M38 ("Pi") | Auriga | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X |
7.4
|
4,200
|
25
|
100
|
220
|
| M39 | Cygnus | - | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X | X | X |
4.6
|
825
|
7
|
30
|
230
|
| M41 | Canis Major | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
4.6
|
2,300
|
26
|
100
|
190
|
| M46 | Puppis | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
6.0
|
5,400
|
30
|
150
|
300
|
| M47 | Puppis | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
5.2
|
1,600
|
12
|
50
|
78
|
| M48 | Hydra | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
5.5
|
1,500
|
23
|
50
|
300
|
| M50 | Monoceros | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | X |
6.3
|
3,000
|
18
|
200
|
78
|
| M52 | Cassiopeia | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X |
7.3
|
5,000
|
19
|
200
|
35
|
| M67 |
Cancer
|
X | X | X | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | X |
6.1
|
2,700
|
22
|
150
|
3,200
|
| M93 | Puppis | - | X | X | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
6.0
|
3,600
|
25
|
80
|
100
|
| M103 | Cassiopeia | X | X | X | - | - | - | - | X | X | X | X | X |
7.4
|
8,500
|
15
|
40
|
25
|
Note: the "number of stars" data is wildly variable - depends if you're counting by those visible in amateur scopes, or all the stars that have been determined to belong to the cluster in professional-level studies. Many of the numbers given here are for stars brighter than 13 mag, many more than we will actually see with amateur scopes and binoculars.
Data sources:
SEDS "Open Clusters" website: www.seds.org/messier/open.html
(note on ages: if several given, I've used the one attributed to Sky Catalog
2000)
Sky and Telescope Messier Card, 1997
Watson, Brent. Finder Charts of the Messier Objects, 1993
(Monthly availability determined from star charts in Rey, The Stars: a New Way to See Them and at Heavens-Above.com)