Haggart Observatory

Obects & Observing Tips:

Open Clusters

Pleiades

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These are groups of dozens to hundreds of stars, which formed together and are continuing to travel the galaxy together. They are usually relatively young (from a few million to a few hundred million years) and still have lots of bright stars. Most of the clusters we see are in our galactic neighborhood, in the spiral arms.

Observing Open Clusters:


Best Bets:
There are many open clusters available to show, including 27 of the Messier objects. However, only a few of them are beautiful and impressive to most of our visitors. The fainter open clusters are an acquired taste; for the beginning stargazer, there's not much difference between an open cluster and any other bunch of stars in a field of view. Here are some especially pleasing open clusters.
(Links are to the SEDS website description.)

Cluster Constellation Availability by month Mag. Dist.
(ly)
Diam
(ly)
#
Stars
Age
(mil y)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
M11: Wild Duck Scutum - - - - - X X X X X - -
6.3
6000
22
600
220
M44: Beehive Cancer X X X X X X - - - - - X
3.7
600
14
200
730
M45: Pleiades ("7 Sisters") Taurus X X X - - - - - X X X X
1.6
380
14
100
100
NGC 869: Double Perseus X X X X - - - X X X X X
4.3
7000
200
6
NGC 457 ("Owl" or "E.T.")
(Finder chart)
Cassiopeia X X - - - - X X X X X X
6.4
8000
80
30
Coathanger (Cr 399)
(6 deg s of Albireo)
Vulpecula - - - - X X X X X X - -
3.6
420
40
200

More open clusters to try out. M6 & M7 are recommended

Cluster Constellation Availability by month Mag. Dist.
(ly)
Diam
(ly)
#
Stars
Age
(mil y)
J F M A M J J A S O N D
M6: Butterflly
Scorpius
- - - - - X X X - - - -
4.2
1,600
25
80
51
M7
Scorpius
- - - - - X X X - - - -
3.3
800
12
80
220
M16: "Eagle Nebula"
Serpens (cauda) - - - - - X X X X X - -
6.4
7,000
15
100
6
M21
Sagittarius
- - - - - - X X X - - -
6.5
4,250
8
60
5
M23
Sagittarius
- - - - - - X X X - - -
6.9
2,150
15
150
220
M25
Sagittarius
- - - - - - X X X - - -
4.6
2,000
23
50
90
M26 Scutum - - - - - X X X X X - -
8
5,000
22
100
89
M29 Cygnus - - - - - X X X X X X X
7.1
4,000
11
?
10
M34 (x-shape) Perseus X X X - - - - - - X X X
5.5
1,400
14
100
180
M35
Gemini
X X X X X - - - - - X X
5.3
2,800
24
150
100
M36 Auriga X X X X X - - - - X X X
6.3
4,100
14
60
25
M37 Auriga X X X X X - - - - X X X
6.2
4,400
25
500
300
M38 ("Pi") Auriga X X X X X - - - - X X X
7.4
4,200
25
100
220
M39 Cygnus - - - - - X X X X X X X
4.6
825
7
30
230
M41 Canis Major X X X - - - - - - - - -
4.6
2,300
26
100
190
M46 Puppis - X X - - - - - - - - -
6.0
5,400
30
150
300
M47 Puppis - X X - - - - - - - - -
5.2
1,600
12
50
78
M48 Hydra X X X X X - - - - - - -
5.5
1,500
23
50
300
M50 Monoceros X X X - - - - - - - - X
6.3
3,000
18
200
78
M52 Cassiopeia X X X - - - - X X X X X
7.3
5,000
19
200
35
M67
Cancer
X X X X X X - - - - - X
6.1
2,700
22
150
3,200
M93 Puppis - X X - - - - - - - - -
6.0
3,600
25
80
100
M103 Cassiopeia X X X - - - - X X X X X
7.4
8,500
15
40
25

Note: the "number of stars" data is wildly variable - depends if you're counting by those visible in amateur scopes, or all the stars that have been determined to belong to the cluster in professional-level studies. Many of the numbers given here are for stars brighter than 13 mag, many more than we will actually see with amateur scopes and binoculars.


Data sources:

SEDS "Open Clusters" website: www.seds.org/messier/open.html
(note on ages: if several given, I've used the one attributed to Sky Catalog 2000)

Sky and Telescope Messier Card, 1997

Watson, Brent. Finder Charts of the Messier Objects, 1993

(Monthly availability determined from star charts in Rey, The Stars: a New Way to See Them and at Heavens-Above.com)